(m4.info)Preprocessor features

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2.2 Command line options for preprocessor features
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Several options allow `m4' to behave more like a preprocessor.  Macro
definitions and deletions can be made on the command line, the search
path can be altered, and the output file can track where the input came
from.  These features occur with the following options:

`-D NAME[=VALUE]'
`--define=NAME[=VALUE]'
     This enters NAME into the symbol table.  If `=VALUE' is missing,
     the value is taken to be the empty string.  The VALUE can be any
     string, and the macro can be defined to take arguments, just as if
     it was defined from within the input.  This option may be given
     more than once; order with respect to file names is significant,
     and redefining the same NAME loses the previous value.

`-I DIRECTORY'
`--include=DIRECTORY'
     Make `m4' search DIRECTORY for included files that are not found
     in the current working directory.  Note: Search Path, for more
     details.  This option may be given more than once.

`-s'
`--synclines'
     Generate synchronization lines, for use by the C preprocessor or
     other similar tools.  Order is significant with respect to file
     names.  This option is useful, for example, when `m4' is used as a
     front end to a compiler.  Source file name and line number
     information is conveyed by directives of the form `#line LINENUM
     "FILE"', which are inserted as needed into the middle of the
     output.  Such directives mean that the following line originated
     or was expanded from the contents of input file FILE at line
     LINENUM.  The `"FILE"' part is often omitted when the file name
     did not change from the previous directive.

     Synchronization directives are always given on complete lines by
     themselves.  When a synchronization discrepancy occurs in the
     middle of an output line, the associated synchronization directive
     is delayed until the next newline that does not occur in the
     middle of a quoted string or comment.

          define(`twoline', `1
          2')
          =>#line 2 "stdin"
          =>
          changecom(`/*', `*/')
          =>
          define(`comment', `/*1
          2*/')
          =>#line 5
          =>
          dnl no line
          hello
          =>#line 7
          =>hello
          twoline
          =>1
          =>#line 8
          =>2
          comment
          =>/*1
          =>2*/
          one comment `two
          three'
          =>#line 10
          =>one /*1
          =>2*/ two
          =>three
          goodbye
          =>#line 12
          =>goodbye

`-U NAME'
`--undefine=NAME'
     This deletes any predefined meaning NAME might have.  Obviously,
     only predefined macros can be deleted in this way.  This option
     may be given more than once; undefining a NAME that does not have a
     definition is silently ignored.  Order is significant with respect
     to file names.