Achievements of string theory

  • Gravity: Every consistent theory of quantum gravity must contain a massless spin 2 state, the graviton, whose interactions reduce at low energy to general relativity.

  • Consistency: String theory is a consistent theory of quantum gravity, at least at the perturbative level.

  • Grand Unification: String theory leads to gauge groups that are large enough to include the Standard Model of Particle Physics.

  • Extra Dimensions: String theory requires a definite number of extra dimensions. The superstring theories live in 10 dimensions, 6 of which are small and curved, the remaining 4 are large and flat and make up the observable 4 dimensional spacetime.

  • Supersymmetry: The superstring theories require spacetime supersymmetry, either as a manifest or as a spontaneously broken symmetry.

  • Uniqueness: There are no free parameters, neither continuous nor discrete. There is a unique string theory.